Two maps
Pre-contact America
Contact: 1492
wilderness
Agricultural Civilization
Teosinte
Mississippian Civilization
Cahokia
The Hopi
The Columbian Exchange
Colonial Regimes
Spain
The “Black Legend”
Pueblo Revolt
The continuing Columbian Exchange.
Comanche Empire
France
Quebec city Fur “Middle Ground”
Dutch (Not really discussed)
Writing prompt
English Colonialism: The South
Jamestown
Jamestown, Virginia: 1607
John Smith
Why did Jamestown work?
John Rolfe
Model for Southern Colonies
The English: Massachusetts
The New England “Wilderness”
First Thanksgiving
The Perpetual “Indian Problem”
Remembering Cooperation, creating conflict.
Pocohontas and Squanto
The flood of settlers and cycle of land appropriation
Realities of Conflict
King Philip’s War
Metacomet/King Philip
Bacon’s Rebellion
William Berkeley.
Nathaniel Bacon
7 Years War and Pontiac’s War
Proclamation line of 1763
The War of 1812 and Tecumseh’s Confederacy
Continuing patterns of settlement
Native Accommodation and Change
Five civilized tribes
Cherokee
Systems of Legibility.
Land Ordinance (1785) Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Legibility of territory
The image of the native in American life
Christian Utopias
Utopias
The Puritan Commonwealths
The Pennsylvania Commonwealth
Quakers
Inner light
William Penn
American Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
University of Pennsylvania
Self government
Rising Tensions
Stamp Act Crisis (1765)
John Adams
The Ideology of Revolution
Republicanism
Who should rule?
Tea Act
Boston Massacre
East India Company
Why was the Tea Act so opposed?
Governor Thomas Hutchinson
Intolerable Acts
The Revolution
In Boston
Lexington and Concord
Around the Colonies
Lord Dunmore
Independence
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
Victory
Discussion of Madison
Faction: what is it, why didn’t Madison want it?
Political parties
Size: How big should the country be?
Changing the constitution activity: what would you do?
The Constitution
Virginia Plan
James Madison
The Great Compromise on slavery.
Election of 1800
Rip van Winkle: discussion
The consolidation of politics
The Washington administration
The rise of factions
Federalists and Republicans
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
The Election of 1800
Legacies of 1800
Shift to Democratic-Republican Party as leading organization
Democratic Party
Agrarian Republicanism
Sally Hemings
National expansion
Louisiana Purchase
The Jeffersonian Ascendancy
America in the World
The embargo
War of 1812
Hartford convention
Monroe Doctrine
Emergent tensions
The Market Revolution
Henry Clay’s American System
Erie Canal
Missouri Compromise
The 1824 and 1828 elections
The Reinvention of Party and the 1828 election
Martin Van Buren
Jackson in power
Land and Indian policy
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Trail of Tears
The Tariff of abominations and the Nullification Crisis
The Bank War
The old Slavery and the new Slavery
Tobacco Slavery
The twenty and odd (1619)
Transatlantic Slavery
The Middle Passage
Middle Passage
Different Empires and Different Crops
Cotton becomes King
Fabrics and the market revolution
The “Age of homespun”
Francis Cabot Lowell
Cotton Gin
Short staple cotton
The Market
Runaway ads: in class activity.
Politics of slavery: holding “The Wolf by the Ear”
Whigs and Democrats
The “Democracy”: (General name for Jackson’s party)
The Gag rule
The Polk Administration
Texas and Oregon
“Manifest Destiny”
The Mexican war
Nicholas Trist
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Violence and Slavery
Slave codes and slave revolts
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Nonviolent abolitionism
Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience
The beginning of the spiral into the Civil War
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Stephen Douglas
Antislavery radicalism
Anthony Burns (1834–1866)
The normalization of violence
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Collapse of the Whigs
Know Nothing Party
Bleeding Kansas
The Rise of the Republicans
The “Slave Power”
The 1860 election
Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)
Roger Taney
The Double election: Two Northern candidates, two southern.
The Secession crisis
Pre-Lincoln Secession
Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter
P. G. T. Beauregard
Post-Sumter Secession
Robert E. Lee
Fighting the War
Strategies
The Republican domestic agenda in action
Homestead Act
Transcontinental Railroad
Income Tax
Morrill Act
The March to Sea
The war as anti-slavery crusade
African Americans and the Civil War
contraband
Colored Soldiers
Masachusetts 54th regiment
Battle of Fort Pillow
Field Order 15
40 acres and a mule
Freedman’s Bureau
Legacies of the War
Northern Reconstruction: Continuing the War
Presidential Reconstruction 1865-67
Andrew Johnson
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Fourteenth Amendment
Reconstruction Act
President Grant
“Waving the Bloody Shirt”
Fifteenth Amendment
Freedman’s Bureau and the Freedman’s Bank
Freedman’s Bank
Southern Memorialization: Resist and Redeem
Ku Klux Klan
The first Mississippi plan.
red shirts
Redemption governments
Compromise of 1877
Reconciliation
Economic Progress
The Republicans in power
Crisis of the 1890s
A shift towards belief in progress
Technological Determinism
Social Darwinism
The Origin of the Species
Progress as outside of control.
Thomas Edison
The rise of the corporation
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)
Building the railroads
transcontinentals
Union Pacific
Corruption and government:
Credit Mobilier
Railroads in charge
Shaping Time and Space
Time zones
Accidents
Angola Horror (1867)
Ashatabula Horror (1876)
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)
Immigrant waves and early attempts at building labor movement
Industrialization and Urbanization- population booms
Industrialization brings strikes.
Big Business
Factories
Bessemer Process
The industrialists
Andrew Carnegie
Gospel of Wealth
John D. Rockefeller/Standard Oil
George Pullman
Free Labor
Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor
Labor Convulsions
Goals
Haymarket Affair
The Homestead Strike
Scabs
Pinkerton Guards
The Lockout
The changing nature of farming.
Technology
Armour meatpacking
The financial products for farms
Crop Futures
Crop liens
Money
The Gold Standard
Gold Standard
Solutions to the currency crisis
greenbacks/fiat currency
Bimetallism
The theory and politics of populism
The Farmer’s Alliance
Charles Macune
The Populist Party
People’s Party Platform (Omaha Platform)
The Panic of 1893
The 1896 Election
William Jennings Bryan
Boy orator of the Platte
Cross of gold speech.
Bryan’s campaign.
whistlestop tour
William McKinley and the Republican counter-offensive
McKinley tariff
Mark Hannah
The front-porch campaign.
Foreign language campaign publications.
Paid campaign speakers
The legacy of 1896.
Spanish-American War
From Populists to progressives
Christian Womanhood
Suffrage
Seneca Falls convention of 1848
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Temperance: the WCTU and the Anti-saloon league
Frances Willard
Carrie Nation
Jane Addams and the Settlement movement.
Hull House
Teddy Roosevelt
Rough Riders
The “Trust Buster” in myth and reality.
Breakup of Standard Oil
Osawatomie speech: the New Nationalism
Women’s Suffrage
Alice Paul
National Women’s Party
Nineteenth Amendment (ratified 1920)
From racial equality to white supremacy in fifty years
Ota Benga
Transformation of the Southern economy
Jim Crow
The Second Mississippi plan
Poll taxes
Literacy Tests
Grandfather clauses
Direct violence
Lynching
The Wilmington Coup (beginning)
Background of Wilmington
The Wilmington Coup (conclusion)
Creating Exclusion: the Pacific Coast
Asian Immigratation
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
US-Japan Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907
Negotiating Whiteness in the courts
The 1906 Naturalization Act
United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923)
The Dawes act and nationwide Indian citizenship
The Atlantic Coast
Melting Pot or Pluralism?
Ethnic tensions in the war
Robert Prager
Randolph Bourne
The new nativism
The Second Ku Klux Klan
DW Griffith: Birth of a Nation (1914)
100% Americanism
The 1921 and 1924 Immigration Restriction Acts
Empires in the 19th century
Why make an Empire?
Economic growth
National Greatness
Alfred Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History
The Pacific as “an American lake”
Hawaii: Case study.
Queen Liluokalani
Queen Liluokalani
Sanford Dole
Anti-imperialist league
Note: this lecture didn’t happen, but elements of it–and the associated chapters in the textbook–may be useful in the essays.
The 1920s and Household Technology. Only in the 20s did the industrial revolution hit the household; before, it was concentrated in things like railraods and military ships.
Assembly line production, epitomized by Henry Ford, sets up a world in which employers pay their employees well enough to be consumers.
Henry Ford
The five dollar day
Over the 1920s, household electrification goes from one in three to three in four.
But there are dark louds over the economy in the 20s
The industrial economy has persistently high unemployment; about 10%. And relies on consumers buying things using credit or installment plans.
Installment buying
The Farm Crisis: massive overproduction of grain leaves grain prices plunging and farmers, with their newly mechanized farms, struggling to make do once again.
What caused the Great Depression?
A big question that we don’t know the complete answer to; still a hotly debated topic.
A stock market crash? This is the popular memory, but there’s strikingly little evidence that the market crash in 1929 was either necessary or sufficient for the economic collapse that didn’t happen until 1930-31.
Presidential Leadership? Probably not.
The Tariff? The Republican solution for everything probably hurt the global system, but not critically.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
The Banking System? Yes, this one really matters.
One fifth of all the banks in the country failed between 1930 and 1933.
Bank panics of 1930–1933
The gold standard strikes again: major problems at home, and ensures the depression spreads from the US to the rest of the world.
Secular Stagnation?
The great depression in action
A quarter of the population unemployed; suicides up; people rely on philanthropists and charities, but they can’t handle the weight.
Breadlines
The Election of 1932: Hoover vs Roosevelt
The Depression
The First New Deal
The National Recovery Act
The progressive vision
National Recovery Act/National Recovery Administration
Blue Eagle
Frances Perkins
Rethinking Liberty for the Industrial Age: the Brain Trust
Adolf Berle
Radical opposition
The demagogues
The Second New Deal
The “Big Bill”
National Labor Relations Act
Wagner Act (1935)
1936 election and the New Deal Coalition
Consolidating and extending the New Deal Order
freedom through security
Fordism: Freedom through security for the working man
Henry Ford
The five dollar day
Labor makes itself a new deal
Why did labor succeed in 1936?
Frank Murphy
New Leadership: the CIO
John Lewis
CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations)
The Union of Auto Workers and the Big Three Car Companies
Ford Service Department
The sit-down strike
Roosevelt’s Reaction: “A Plague on both your Houses”
The War of Economies
Mobilization
War Production Board
Winning the war through manufacturing
Sherman Tank
Women at Work
Rosie the Riveter
Businessmen in charge: the end of the New Deal
dollar a year men
The wartime economy
Did watching Nazis make America less racist?
Japanese Internment
Manzanar
The End of Reform
The Politics of Placidity
Truman and the end of the New Deal
Undoing of Jim Crow.
Executive Order 9981 desegregates the armed forces.
The Eisenhower-Nixon administration
House Unamerican Affairs Committee (HUAC)
Joe McCarthy
Americans move from City to Suburb
The postwar housing crisis
Automobile Land
Levittown
Home ownership under the Federal Housing Authority
Housing Act of 1949
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation
Mass Society
The Networks
Public Interest Clause
Urban Redevelopment (The West End)
Cold War Tensions
Worldwide battlefields
Truman Doctrine
Vietnam (1955-75)
Ho Chi Minh
Economic Stakes
The “Kitchen Debate”
Rosa Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and what was the Civil Rights movement anyway?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Goal: Legal Equality / Tactic: Lawsuits
School Integration
NAACP
Brown vs Board of Education (1954)
Thurgood Marshall
Little Rock Central High School (1957)
Non-violent direct action
Goal: Integrated Facilities / Tactic: sit-ins and NVDA
Sit-ins
Student Non-violent coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Birmingham, Alabama, 1963
George Wallace and the Alabama Democratic Party
Bull Connor
Partisan Realignments
Goal: The Vote // Tactic : Registration and marches
“Freedom Summer,” 1964
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Philadelphia, Mississippi
Selma
1965 Voting Rights Act
So you’ve passed Civil Rights: Now what?
Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society (1965-66)
Great Society
Medicare and Medicaid
King and Chicago: Housing
Jesse Jackson
1968 Civil Rights Act (Housing Discrimination)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg (Enforces busing as an actual solution to segregation in schools.)
King and the Poor People’s Campaign
The Counter Culture
The Student Movement
Free Speech Movement
Mario Savio
Vietnam and the Anti-war movement
Democratic Convention in Chicago, 1968
Black Panthers
Women’s Liberation
Women in the workforce
Jobs or Family
The Feminine Mystique (1960-63)
Feminism and Civil Rights
And the 1964 Civil Rights Act
Equal Employment Opportunity Commision
NOW
Protected Classes
Other Rights Movements
Gay Rights
Stonewall
Harvey Milk
Hispanic Farm Workers
Backlash and Political Realignment
Rights and the Courts
Warren Court
Equal Rights Amendment
Phyllis Schlafly and the Religious Right
Focus on the Family
Abortion
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Rise of Ronald Reagan
The Tax Revolt
California Proposition 13
The Religious Right
1980 Election
The Southern Strategy After Nixon
Reagan at the Neshoba County Fair
Willie Horton Ad (1988)
Lee Atwater
Reagan in Office
Freedom
People’s Computing
Whole Earth Catalog
Steve Jobs
Apple II
The Bipartisan Consensus
Deregulation
Bill Clinton
The Third Way
Clintonism
In office, off the rails
1994 Midterms
Newt Gingrich
Welfare Reform
Government Shutdowns, 1995-1996
Grover Norquist
Free Trade
NAFTA (1994)
China’s Entry into the WTO (2001)
The result:
Scandals
Whitewater
Ken Starr
The Internet
Bush
Bush Administration
The Bush Administration
Bush’s plan for a permanent Republican majority
Karl Rove
The fallout
Legislation?
Dodd-Frank Act
Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
Waxman-Markey (2009, failed)
What’s Next?