Early Computers

Setting the Enigma: one of 456976 possible initial settings.

Programming the Bombe

Harvard Mark 1.

Betty Jean Jennings (left) and Fran Bilas (right) operate ENIAC's main control panel (from Wikipedia)

4 of the forty ENIAC panels at Penn.

After the war

Claude Shannon

Title: The IBM 650

Drum Storage on an IBM 650, c. 1955

Binary Data

core circuitry from the IBM Whirlwind computer.

Software

Grace Murray Hopper, 1960

$ SET SOURCEFORMAT"FREE"
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID.  Iteration-If.
AUTHOR.  Michael Coughlan.

DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01  Num1           PIC 9  VALUE ZEROS.
01  Num2           PIC 9  VALUE ZEROS.
01  Result         PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.
01  Operator       PIC X  VALUE SPACE.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Calculator.
PERFORM 3 TIMES
DISPLAY "Enter First Number      : " WITH NO ADVANCING
ACCEPT Num1
DISPLAY "Enter Second Number     : " WITH NO ADVANCING
ACCEPT Num2
DISPLAY "Enter operator (+ or *) : " WITH NO ADVANCING
ACCEPT Operator
IF Operator = "+" THEN
ADD Num1, Num2 GIVING Result
END-IF
IF Operator = "*" THEN
MULTIPLY Num1 BY Num2 GIVING Result
END-IF
DISPLAY "Result is = ", Result
END-PERFORM.
STOP RUN.

The Modern Operating System

How are CS degrees changing?