The Consumer Society and the Great Depression

2017-11-02

The 1920s and Household Technology. Only in the 20s did the industrial revolution hit the household; before, it was concentrated in things like railraods and military ships.

H.G Wells

A house of today is still almost as ill-ventilated, badly heated by wasteful fires, clumsily arranged and furnished as the house of 1858.

Houses a couple of hundred years old are still satisfactory places of residence, so little have our standards risen.

But the rifle or battleship of fifty years ago was beyond all comparison inferior to those we now possess; in power, in speed, in convenience alike. No one has a use now for such superannuated things.

The Assembly Line at Highland Park

Ford's ideal worker: corporate citizenship

  • Nuclear family at home: no boarders
  • Own a home or be saving for one
  • No sign of union activity.
  • Learn English and work towards citizenship
  • Don't drink.

Household electrification in the United States

|-----:|:------| | 1907 | 8% | | 1912 | 16% | | 1920 | 34.7% | | 1930 | 70% |
| 1941 | 80% |

Advertising anxiety: General Electric Monitor Top ad, 1920s

Advertising modernity: 1930s (?) Monitor top ad

But there are dark louds over the economy in the 20s

Refrigerator for 25 cents a day

"Waterloo Boy" tractor, 1917, in John Deere colors

What caused the Great Depression?

Industrial Production, 1920 to 1940

the fundamental business of the country, that is, production and distribution of commodities, is on a sound and prosperous basis.

Herbert Hoover, October 25, 1929

  • not a crazy statement.

Hoover

1928

The President's course in this troublous time has been all that could be desired. No one in his place could have done more; very few of his predecessors could have done as much.

  • New York Times

No American could have provided a fairer test of the capacity of the business community to govern a great and multifarious nation than Herbert Hoover.

  • Arthur Schlesinger

Smoot-Hawley

A bank

An actual bank (San Francisco, 1910)

Milbury, Massachusetts, July 1930

Calvin Coolidge (president from 1923-1929)

In other periods of depression, it had always been possible to see some things which were solid and upon which you could base hope. But as I look about, I now see nothing to give ground for hope, nothing of man.

The great depression in action



Hitler, 1933

Note: what's wrong with these labels?

Breadlines

Bonus Army

Walter Waters

Bonus Army town burning

The Election of 1932: Hoover vs Roosevelt

FDR

1932 election

Democrats nominate Franklin Roosevelt, governor of New York.

Platform: not being Herbert Hoover.

USS Nourmahal, c. 1941

Anton Cermak with Roosevelt, 1933

Oliver Wendell Holmes